Which of the following is considered an endocrine consequence?

• A. Metabolic syndrome
• B. Obstructive sleep apnea
• C. Hypertension
• D. Acanthosis nigricans

Answer: (A)

Endocrine consequences of pediatric obesity center on insulin resistance and hormonal signaling gone awry, leading to a cluster of metabolic disturbances. Metabolic syndrome captures this situation by pairing central obesity with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and impaired glucose metabolism—all rooted in insulin resistance and endocrine regulation. In children, identifying metabolic syndrome signals systemic endocrine disruption and higher risk for type 2 diabetes and future cardiovascular disease, making it the best representation of an endocrine consequence among the options. Obstructive sleep apnea is mainly a respiratory/airway issue related to fat around the airway. Hypertension is a cardiovascular condition, though it can be linked to metabolic health. Acanthosis nigricans is a skin sign of insulin resistance, an endocrine issue, but it’s a marker rather than the broader endocrine syndrome described by metabolic syndrome.